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Aim: To determine the correlation between Ocular axial length (AL) and body mass index (BMI) in a black population.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study carried out in Port Harcourt City LGA, Nigeria. Subjects were selected using multistage random sampling with inclusion criteria of Visual Acuity > 6/18, age greater than 18 years with no history of past ocular surgeries or trauma. Socio demographic data was obtained through an interviewer based structured proforma. Data obtained included age, sex, tribe, occupation and level of education. Weight, height and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured using a standard height and weight automated scale (SECA 769,220). Ocular examinations done included visual acuity, applanation tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Axial length (AL) was measured using Amplitude (A) scan ultrasonography (SONOMED PACSCAN 300AP). Data obtained from one eye of the subjects were analyzed using SPSS (Version 17), and p value was set at ≤ 0.05.Results:Four hundred and sixty six (466) subjects participated in the study made up of two hundred and twelve (212) males (45.5%) and two hundred and fifty four (254) females (54.5%) with Original Research Article The age range was 18-92 years and mean age of the subjects studied 43.0±14.2 years.Findings revealed mean AL, Body Mass Index, Height and Weight to be (23.2±1.0mm), (26.9±6.2kg/m2), (162.5±9cm) and (70.5±14.8kg) respectively. The mean AL was greater in males than females. There was no statistically significant relationship between age and axial length. There was a statistically significant relationship between height and AL in both gender with AL increasing by 0.035mm (p=0.001, r=0.261) with one centimeter change in height in males and 0.025mm (p=0.001, r=0.2680) in females and between AL and level of education (p=0.001). There was also a statistically significant (0.009mm) increase in AL per one kilogrammechange in weight in females (p=0.0001, r=0.188). Males had longer AL than females in all the BMI groups with a statistically significant difference found between the different BMI classes. Conclusion:This study noted that although there is no statistically significant relationship between AL and BMI, there are significant relationships between AL and height and weight respectively. Estimated AL in mm= 16.91 + 0.039 (height in cm
ABSTRACT
Aim:To analyze the optic discs and vertical cup disc ratio in a black population.Method:This is a retrospective study of glaucoma suspects who presented to the clinic.Medical history was recorded and comprehensive ocular examination done on each of the subjects. Ocular examination included visual acuity,visual field, tonometry and ophthalmoscopy. Instruments used during the research were Pen torch for examination of the external structures of the eyes, Keeler ophthalmoscopes for fundus examination, Snellen’s charts both literate and illiterate charts forvisual acuity assessment, Reichert AT 555 Auto non-contact tonometer for measurementof the intra-ocular pressure.The optic discs were analyzed using Optical Coherence Tomography machine. Data was analyzed using the statistical package EPI info version 6.04d, a software package designed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA in 2001.Results:This study included total of 240 optic discs of 120 participants comprising 60 males and 60 females were examined with a mean age of 42.8±13.79; the age range was 19 to 75 years.Very Small discs (<1.0mm) 3 accounted for1.3%, Small discs (1.0-1.3mm) 4 accounted for 1.7% Medium (1.4-1.7mm) 67 accounted for 27.9%, Large (1.8-2.0mm) 58 accounted for 24.2% while Very Large (>2.0mm) 108 accounted for 45.0% in this study.VCDR was noticed to have increased with increasing disc diameter. Optic disc diameter increased with increasing RNFL thickness as well (p < 0.05; r = 0.18).All the very small as well as the small discs were cupped 3% (n = 7/240), 14.6% (n = 35/240) of the medium to very large are also cupped while the remaining 82.5% ( n = 198/240) are normal.Conclusion:There was no significant correlation between disc diameter and VCDR. There was also a weak positive correlation between the optic disc diameter and theretinal nerve fiber layer thickness of the subjects, such a correlation may be the result of either an increased number of nerve fibers in eyes with larger discs or a smaller distance between the circular scan and the true optic disc margin
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Aim:To determine the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of eyelid surgeries among surgeons in Nigeria.Methods:A self-administered questionnaires about their knowledge, attitude and practice of eyelid surgeries were given to 135 medical practitioners attending the 49th Annual General Meeting and Scientific Conference of the International College of Surgeons (Nigeria National Section) held in Port Harcourt from 16th to 20th June 2015. Questions asked tested the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the medical practitioners on matters related to eyelid surgeries. Study participants’ knowledge, attitude and practice were graded as Good for scores of 75% and above, Fair for 50-74% score and Poor for scores less than 50%. Respondents’ demographic data, responses and corresponding scores were entered into computer software-Scientific Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and analysed.Results: There were 135 responders, out of which 121 (89.62%) were male while 14 (10.38%) were females. They were aged between 21-70 years with a mean value of 51.6 +/-8.6 years, range = 40 years and mean = 50 years. Specialist surgeons with collegefellowship accounted for 84.4% ReviewArticle while specialist surgeons in training (college membership) accounted for 15.6%. Most of the responders (73.3%) were in public servicewhile 9% were in the private service and 17.7% were in both public and private service. Sixty seven per cent of responders had good knowledge of eyelid surgeries, 22.2% had fair knowledge while 11.1% had poor knowledge. Majority (73.3%) had poor attitude while only 26.7% had good attitude to eyelid surgeries. Responders with poor practice of lid surgeries accounted for 77.8%, fair practice were 13.4% while only 8.8% had good eyelid surgery practice.Conclusion:Most of our responders were experienced surgeons as shown by their ages, educational and professional status. Though majority of them had good knowledge of eyelid surgeries their attitude and practice of it were poor in spite of their experience in the field of surgery. This could be due to the paucity of oculoplastic surgeons in Nigeria. Measures should therefore be taking to improve on subspecialty training especially in oculoplastic surgery and collaborations should be encouraged amongst surgeons involved in facial surgeries.